前端发展很快,现代浏览器原生 API 已经足够好用。我们并不需要为了操作 DOM、Event 等再学习一下 jQuery 的 API。同时由于 React、Angular、Vue 等框架的流行,直接操作 DOM 不再是好的模式,jQuery 使用场景大大减少。本项目总结了大部分 jQuery API 替代的方法,暂时只支持 IE8 以上浏览器。
$.getJSON('/my/url', function(data) {
});
var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
request.open('GET', '/my/url', true);
request.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (this.readyState === 4) {
if (this.status >= 200 && this.status < 400) {
// Success!
var data = JSON.parse(this.responseText);
} else {
// Error :(
}
}
};
request.send();
request = null;
var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
request.open('GET', '/my/url', true);
request.onload = function() {
if (request.status >= 200 && request.status < 400) {
// Success!
var data = JSON.parse(request.responseText);
} else {
// We reached our target server, but it returned an error
}
};
request.onerror = function() {
// There was a connection error of some sort
};
request.send();
var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
request.open('GET', '/my/url', true);
request.onload = function() {
if (this.status >= 200 && this.status < 400) {
// Success!
var data = JSON.parse(this.response);
} else {
// We reached our target server, but it returned an error
}
};
request.onerror = function() {
// There was a connection error of some sort
};
request.send();
$.ajax({
type: 'GET',
url: '/my/url',
success: function(resp) {
},
error: function() {
}
});
var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
request.open('GET', '/my/url', true);
request.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (this.readyState === 4) {
if (this.status >= 200 && this.status < 400) {
// Success!
var resp = this.responseText;
} else {
// Error :(
}
}
};
request.send();
request = null;
var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
request.open('GET', '/my/url', true);
request.onload = function() {
if (request.status >= 200 && request.status < 400) {
// Success!
var resp = request.responseText;
} else {
// We reached our target server, but it returned an error
}
};
request.onerror = function() {
// There was a connection error of some sort
};
request.send();
var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
request.open('GET', '/my/url', true);
request.onload = function() {
if (this.status >= 200 && this.status < 400) {
// Success!
var resp = this.response;
} else {
// We reached our target server, but it returned an error
}
};
request.onerror = function() {
// There was a connection error of some sort
};
request.send();
$.ajax({
type: 'POST',
url: '/my/url',
data: data
});
var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
request.open('POST', '/my/url', true);
request.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8');
request.send(data);
$(el).fadeIn();
function fadeIn(el) {
var opacity = 0;
el.style.opacity = 0;
el.style.filter = '';
var last = +new Date();
var tick = function() {
opacity += (new Date() - last) / 400;
el.style.opacity = opacity;
el.style.filter = 'alpha(opacity=' + (100 * opacity)|0 + ')';
last = +new Date();
if (opacity < 1) {
(window.requestAnimationFrame && requestAnimationFrame(tick)) || setTimeout(tick, 16);
}
};
tick();
}
fadeIn(el);
function fadeIn(el) {
el.style.opacity = 0;
var last = +new Date();
var tick = function() {
el.style.opacity = +el.style.opacity + (new Date() - last) / 400;
last = +new Date();
if (+el.style.opacity < 1) {
(window.requestAnimationFrame && requestAnimationFrame(tick)) || setTimeout(tick, 16);
}
};
tick();
}
fadeIn(el);
el.classList.add('show');
el.classList.remove('hide');
.show {
transition: opacity 400ms;
}
.hide {
opacity: 0;
}
$(el).addClass(className);
if (el.classList)
el.classList.add(className);
else
el.className += ' ' + className;
el.classList.add(className);
$(el).children();
var children = [];
for (var i = el.children.length; i--;) {
// Skip comment nodes on IE8
if (el.children[i].nodeType != 8)
children.unshift(el.children[i]);
}
el.children
$(selector).each(function(i, el){
});
function forEachElement(selector, fn) {
var elements = document.querySelectorAll(selector);
for (var i = 0; i < elements.length; i++)
fn(elements[i], i);
}
forEachElement(selector, function(el, i){
});
var elements = document.querySelectorAll(selector);
Array.prototype.forEach.call(elements, function(el, i){
});
$(el).empty();
while(el.firstChild)
el.removeChild(el.firstChild);
el.innerHTML = '';
$('.my #awesome selector');
document.querySelectorAll('.my #awesome selector');
$(selector).filter(filterFn);
function filter(selector, filterFn) {
var elements = document.querySelectorAll(selector);
var out = [];
for (var i = elements.length; i--;) {
if (filterFn(elements[i]))
out.unshift(elements[i]);
}
return out;
}
filter(selector, filterFn);
Array.prototype.filter.call(document.querySelectorAll(selector), filterFn);
$(el).css(ruleName);
// Varies based on the properties being retrieved, some can be retrieved from el.currentStyle
// https://github.com/jonathantneal/Polyfills-for-IE8/blob/master/getComputedStyle.js
getComputedStyle(el)[ruleName];
$(el).height();
function getHeight(el) {
var d = /^\d+(px)?$/i;
if (window.getComputedStyle) el = parseFloat(getComputedStyle(el, null).height.replace("px", ""));
else {
var c = el.currentStyle.height;
if (d.test(c)) el = parseInt(c);
else {
d = el.style.left;
var e = el.runtimeStyle.left;
el.runtimeStyle.left = el.currentStyle.left;
el.style.left = c || 0;
c = el.style.pixelLeft;
el.style.left = d;
el.runtimeStyle.left = e;
el = c;
}
}
return el
};
getHeight(el);
parseFloat(getComputedStyle(el, null).height.replace("px", ""))
$(el).hasClass(className);
if (el.classList)
el.classList.contains(className);
else
new RegExp('(^| )' + className + '( |$)', 'gi').test(el.className);
el.classList.contains(className);
$(el).width();
function getWidth(el) {
var d = /^\d+(px)?$/i;
if (window.getComputedStyle) el = parseFloat(getComputedStyle(el, null).width.replace("px", ""));
else {
var c = el.currentStyle.width;
if (d.test(c)) el = parseInt(c);
else {
d = el.style.left;
var e = el.runtimeStyle.left;
el.runtimeStyle.left = el.currentStyle.left;
el.style.left = c || 0;
c = el.style.pixelLeft;
el.style.left = d;
el.runtimeStyle.left = e;
el = c;
}
}
return el
};
getWidth(el);
parseFloat(getComputedStyle(el, null).width.replace("px", ""))
$(el).is('.my-class');
var matches = function(el, selector) {
var _matches = (el.matches || el.matchesSelector || el.msMatchesSelector || el.mozMatchesSelector || el.webkitMatchesSelector || el.oMatchesSelector);
if (_matches) {
return _matches.call(el, selector);
} else {
var nodes = el.parentNode.querySelectorAll(selector);
for (var i = nodes.length; i--;) {
if (nodes[i] === el)
return true;
}
return false;
}
};
matches(el, '.my-class');
var matches = function(el, selector) {
return (el.matches || el.matchesSelector || el.msMatchesSelector || el.mozMatchesSelector || el.webkitMatchesSelector || el.oMatchesSelector).call(el, selector);
};
matches(el, '.my-class');
$(el).next();
// nextSibling can include text nodes
function nextElementSibling(el) {
do { el = el.nextSibling; } while ( el && el.nodeType !== 1 );
return el;
}
el.nextElementSibling || nextElementSibling(el);
el.nextElementSibling
$(el).offset();
var rect = el.getBoundingClientRect();
{
top: rect.top + document.body.scrollTop,
left: rect.left + document.body.scrollLeft
}
$(el).outerHeight(true);
function outerHeight(el) {
var height = el.offsetHeight;
var style = el.currentStyle || getComputedStyle(el);
height += parseInt(style.marginTop) + parseInt(style.marginBottom);
return height;
}
outerHeight(el);
function outerHeight(el) {
var height = el.offsetHeight;
var style = getComputedStyle(el);
height += parseInt(style.marginTop) + parseInt(style.marginBottom);
return height;
}
outerHeight(el);
$(el).outerWidth(true);
function outerWidth(el) {
var width = el.offsetWidth;
var style = el.currentStyle || getComputedStyle(el);
width += parseInt(style.marginLeft) + parseInt(style.marginRight);
return width;
}
outerWidth(el);
function outerWidth(el) {
var width = el.offsetWidth;
var style = getComputedStyle(el);
width += parseInt(style.marginLeft) + parseInt(style.marginRight);
return width;
}
outerWidth(el);
var offset = el.offset();
{
top: offset.top - document.body.scrollTop,
left: offset.left - document.body.scrollLeft
}
el.getBoundingClientRect()
$(el).prev();
// prevSibling can include text nodes
function previousElementSibling(el) {
do { el = el.previousSibling; } while ( el && el.nodeType !== 1 );
return el;
}
el.previousElementSibling || previousElementSibling(el);
el.previousElementSibling
$(el).removeClass(className);
if (el.classList)
el.classList.remove(className);
else
el.className = el.className.replace(new RegExp('(^|\\b)' + className.split(' ').join('|') + '(\\b|$)', 'gi'), ' ');
el.classList.remove(className);
$(el).css('border-width', '20px');
// Use a class if possible
el.style.borderWidth = '20px';
$(el).text(string);
if (el.textContent !== undefined)
el.textContent = string;
else
el.innerText = string;
el.textContent = string;
$(el).height(val);
function setHeight(el, val) {
if (typeof val === "function") val = val();
if (typeof val === "string") el.style.height = val;
else el.style.height = val + "px";
}
setHeight(el, val);
$(el).siblings();
var siblings = Array.prototype.slice.call(el.parentNode.children);
for (var i = siblings.length; i--;) {
if (siblings[i] === el) {
siblings.splice(i, 1);
break;
}
}
Array.prototype.filter.call(el.parentNode.children, function(child){
return child !== el;
});
$(el).height(val);
function setHeight(el, val) {
if (typeof val === "function") val = val();
if (typeof val === "string") el.style.height = val;
else el.style.height = val + "px";
}
setHeight(el, val);
$(el).toggleClass(className);
if (el.classList) {
el.classList.toggle(className);
} else {
var classes = el.className.split(' ');
var existingIndex = -1;
for (var i = classes.length; i--;) {
if (classes[i] === className)
existingIndex = i;
}
if (existingIndex >= 0)
classes.splice(existingIndex, 1);
else
classes.push(className);
el.className = classes.join(' ');
}
if (el.classList) {
el.classList.toggle(className);
} else {
var classes = el.className.split(' ');
var existingIndex = classes.indexOf(className);
if (existingIndex >= 0)
classes.splice(existingIndex, 1);
else
classes.push(className);
el.className = classes.join(' ');
}
el.classList.toggle(className);
$(el).off(eventName, eventHandler);
function removeEventListener(el, eventName, handler) {
if (el.removeEventListener)
el.removeEventListener(eventName, handler);
else
el.detachEvent('on' + eventName, handler);
}
removeEventListener(el, eventName, handler);
el.removeEventListener(eventName, eventHandler);
$(el).on(eventName, eventHandler);
function addEventListener(el, eventName, handler) {
if (el.addEventListener) {
el.addEventListener(eventName, handler);
} else {
el.attachEvent('on' + eventName, function(){
handler.call(el);
});
}
}
addEventListener(el, eventName, handler);
el.addEventListener(eventName, eventHandler);
$(el).trigger('change');
if (document.createEvent) {
var event = document.createEvent('HTMLEvents');
event.initEvent('change', true, false);
el.dispatchEvent(event);
} else {
el.fireEvent('onchange');
}
// For a full list of event types: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/document.createEvent
var event = document.createEvent('HTMLEvents');
event.initEvent('change', true, false);
el.dispatchEvent(event);
$(el).trigger('my-event', {some: 'data'});
// Custom events are not natively supported, so you have to hijack a random
// event.
//
// Just use jQuery.
if (window.CustomEvent) {
var event = new CustomEvent('my-event', {detail: {some: 'data'}});
} else {
var event = document.createEvent('CustomEvent');
event.initCustomEvent('my-event', true, true, {some: 'data'});
}
el.dispatchEvent(event);
$(document).ready(function(){
});
function ready(fn) {
if (document.readyState != 'loading'){
fn();
} else if (document.addEventListener) {
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', fn);
} else {
document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() {
if (document.readyState != 'loading')
fn();
});
}
}
function ready(fn) {
if (document.readyState != 'loading'){
fn();
} else {
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', fn);
}
}
$.extend(true, {}, objA, objB);
var deepExtend = function(out) {
out = out || {};
for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {
var obj = arguments[i];
if (!obj)
continue;
for (var key in obj) {
if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
if (typeof obj[key] === 'object')
out[key] = deepExtend(out[key], obj[key]);
else
out[key] = obj[key];
}
}
}
return out;
};
deepExtend({}, objA, objB);
$.each(array, function(i, item){
});
function forEach(array, fn) {
for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++)
fn(array[i], i);
}
forEach(array, function(item, i){
});
array.forEach(function(item, i){
});
$.inArray(item, array);
function indexOf(array, item) {
for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
if (array[i] === item)
return i;
}
return -1;
}
indexOf(array, item);
array.indexOf(item);
$.isArray(arr);
isArray = Array.isArray || function(arr) {
return Object.prototype.toString.call(arr) == '[object Array]';
};
isArray(arr);
Array.isArray(arr);
$.extend({}, objA, objB);
var extend = function(out) {
out = out || {};
for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {
if (!arguments[i])
continue;
for (var key in arguments[i]) {
if (arguments[i].hasOwnProperty(key))
out[key] = arguments[i][key];
}
}
return out;
};
extend({}, objA, objB);
$.map(array, function(value, index){
});
function map(arr, fn) {
var results = [];
for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
results.push(fn(arr[i], i));
return results;
}
map(array, function(value, index){
});
array.map(function(value, index){
});
$.parseHTML(htmlString);
var parseHTML = function(str) {
var el = document.createElement('div');
el.innerHTML = str;
return el.children;
};
parseHTML(htmlString);
var parseHTML = function(str) {
var tmp = document.implementation.createHTMLDocument();
tmp.body.innerHTML = str;
return tmp.body.children;
};
parseHTML(htmlString);
$.type(obj);
Object.prototype.toString.call(obj).replace(/^\[object (.+)\]$/, '$1').toLowerCase();
常用的 class、id、属性 选择器都可以使用 document.querySelector
或 document.querySelectorAll
替代。区别是
document.querySelector
返回第一个匹配的 Elementdocument.querySelectorAll
返回所有匹配的 Element 组成的 NodeList。它可以通过 [].slice.call()
把它转成 Array[]
,但 document.querySelector
返回 null
,注意空指针异常。当找不到时,也可以使用 ||
设置默认的值,如 document.querySelectorAll(selector) || []
注意:
document.querySelector
和document.querySelectorAll
性能很差。如果想提高性能,尽量使用document.getElementById
、document.getElementsByClassName
或document.getElementsByTagName
。
1.0 选择器查询
// jQuery $('selector'); // Native document.querySelectorAll('selector');
1.1 class 查询
// jQuery $('.class'); // Native document.querySelectorAll('.class'); // or document.getElementsByClassName('class');
1.2 id 查询
// jQuery $('#id'); // Native document.querySelector('#id'); // or document.getElementById('id');
1.3 属性查询
// jQuery $('a[target=_blank]'); // Native document.querySelectorAll('a[target=_blank]');
1.4 后代查询
// jQuery $el.find('li'); // Native el.querySelectorAll('li');
1.5 兄弟及上下元素
兄弟元素
// jQuery $el.siblings(); // Native - latest, Edge13+ [...el.parentNode.children].filter((child) => child !== el ); // Native (alternative) - latest, Edge13+ Array.from(el.parentNode.children).filter((child) => child !== el ); // Native - IE10+ Array.prototype.filter.call(el.parentNode.children, (child) => child !== el );
上一个元素
// jQuery $el.prev(); // Native el.previousElementSibling;
下一个元素
// next $el.next(); // Native el.nextElementSibling;
1.6 Closest
Closest 获得匹配选择器的第一个祖先元素,从当前元素开始沿 DOM 树向上。
// jQuery $el.closest(queryString); // Native - Only latest, NO IE el.closest(selector); // Native - IE10+ function closest(el, selector) { const matchesSelector = el.matches || el.webkitMatchesSelector || el.mozMatchesSelector || el.msMatchesSelector; while (el) { if (matchesSelector.call(el, selector)) { return el; } else { el = el.parentElement; } } return null; }
1.7 Parents Until
获取当前每一个匹配元素集的祖先,不包括匹配元素的本身。
// jQuery $el.parentsUntil(selector, filter); // Native function parentsUntil(el, selector, filter) { const result = []; const matchesSelector = el.matches || el.webkitMatchesSelector || el.mozMatchesSelector || el.msMatchesSelector; // match start from parent el = el.parentElement; while (el && !matchesSelector.call(el, selector)) { if (!filter) { result.push(el); } else { if (matchesSelector.call(el, filter)) { result.push(el); } } el = el.parentElement; } return result; }
1.8 Form
Input/Textarea
// jQuery $('#my-input').val(); // Native document.querySelector('#my-input').value;
获取 e.currentTarget 在 .radio
中的数组索引
// jQuery $('.radio').index(e.currentTarget); // Native Array.prototype.indexOf.call(document.querySelectorAll('.radio'), e.currentTarget);
1.9 Iframe Contents
jQuery 对象的 iframe contents()
返回的是 iframe 内的 document
Iframe contents
// jQuery $iframe.contents(); // Native iframe.contentDocument;
Iframe Query
// jQuery $iframe.contents().find('.css'); // Native iframe.contentDocument.querySelectorAll('.css');
1.10 获取 body
// jQuery $('body'); // Native document.body;
1.11 获取或设置属性
获取属性
// jQuery $el.attr('foo'); // Native el.getAttribute('foo');
设置属性
// jQuery, note that this works in memory without change the DOM $el.attr('foo', 'bar'); // Native el.setAttribute('foo', 'bar');
获取 data-
属性
// jQuery $el.data('foo'); // Native (use `getAttribute`) el.getAttribute('data-foo'); // Native (use `dataset` if only need to support IE 11+) el.dataset['foo'];
2.1 CSS
Get style
// jQuery $el.css("color"); // Native // 注意:此处为了解决当 style 值为 auto 时,返回 auto 的问题 const win = el.ownerDocument.defaultView; // null 的意思是不返回伪类元素 win.getComputedStyle(el, null).color;
Set style
// jQuery $el.css({ color: "#ff0011" }); // Native el.style.color = '#ff0011';
Get/Set Styles
注意,如果想一次设置多个 style,可以参考 oui-dom-utils 中 setStyles 方法
Add class
// jQuery $el.addClass(className); // Native el.classList.add(className);
Remove class
// jQuery $el.removeClass(className); // Native el.classList.remove(className);
has class
// jQuery $el.hasClass(className); // Native el.classList.contains(className);
Toggle class
// jQuery $el.toggleClass(className); // Native el.classList.toggle(className);
2.2 Width & Height
Width 与 Height 获取方法相同,下面以 Height 为例:
Window height
// window height $(window).height(); // 含 scrollbar window.document.documentElement.clientHeight; // 不含 scrollbar,与 jQuery 行为一致 window.innerHeight;
Document height
// jQuery $(document).height(); // Native const body = document.body; const html = document.documentElement; const height = Math.max( body.offsetHeight, body.scrollHeight, html.clientHeight, html.offsetHeight, html.scrollHeight );
Element height
// jQuery $el.height(); // Native function getHeight(el) { const styles = this.getComputedStyle(el); const height = el.offsetHeight; const borderTopWidth = parseFloat(styles.borderTopWidth); const borderBottomWidth = parseFloat(styles.borderBottomWidth); const paddingTop = parseFloat(styles.paddingTop); const paddingBottom = parseFloat(styles.paddingBottom); return height - borderBottomWidth - borderTopWidth - paddingTop - paddingBottom; } // 精确到整数(border-box 时为 height - border 值,content-box 时为 height + padding 值) el.clientHeight; // 精确到小数(border-box 时为 height 值,content-box 时为 height + padding + border 值) el.getBoundingClientRect().height;
2.3 Position & Offset
Position
获得匹配元素相对父元素的偏移
// jQuery $el.position(); // Native { left: el.offsetLeft, top: el.offsetTop }
Offset
获得匹配元素相对文档的偏移
// jQuery $el.offset(); // Native function getOffset (el) { const box = el.getBoundingClientRect(); return { top: box.top + window.pageYOffset - document.documentElement.clientTop, left: box.left + window.pageXOffset - document.documentElement.clientLeft } }
2.4 Scroll Top
获取元素滚动条垂直位置。
// jQuery $(window).scrollTop(); // Native (document.documentElement && document.documentElement.scrollTop) || document.body.scrollTop;
3.1 Remove
从 DOM 中移除元素。
// jQuery $el.remove(); // Native el.parentNode.removeChild(el); // Native - Only latest, NO IE el.remove();
3.2 Text
Get text
返回指定元素及其后代的文本内容。
// jQuery $el.text(); // Native el.textContent;
Set text
设置元素的文本内容。
// jQuery $el.text(string); // Native el.textContent = string;
3.3 HTML
Get HTML
// jQuery $el.html(); // Native el.innerHTML;
Set HTML
// jQuery $el.html(htmlString); // Native el.innerHTML = htmlString;
3.4 Append
Append 插入到子节点的末尾
// jQuery $el.append("<div id='container'>hello</div>"); // Native (HTML string) el.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', '<div id="container">Hello World</div>'); // Native (Element) el.appendChild(newEl);
3.5 Prepend
// jQuery $el.prepend("<div id='container'>hello</div>"); // Native (HTML string) el.insertAdjacentHTML('afterbegin', '<div id="container">Hello World</div>'); // Native (Element) el.insertBefore(newEl, el.firstChild);
3.6 insertBefore
在选中元素前插入新节点
// jQuery $newEl.insertBefore(queryString); // Native (HTML string) el.insertAdjacentHTML('beforebegin ', '<div id="container">Hello World</div>'); // Native (Element) const el = document.querySelector(selector); if (el.parentNode) { el.parentNode.insertBefore(newEl, el); }
3.7 insertAfter
在选中元素后插入新节点
// jQuery $newEl.insertAfter(queryString); // Native (HTML string) el.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', '<div id="container">Hello World</div>'); // Native (Element) const el = document.querySelector(selector); if (el.parentNode) { el.parentNode.insertBefore(newEl, el.nextSibling); }
3.8 is
如果匹配给定的选择器,返回true
// jQuery $el.is(selector); // Native el.matches(selector);
3.9 clone
深拷贝被选元素。(生成被选元素的副本,包含子节点、文本和属性。)
//jQuery $el.clone(); //Native //深拷贝添加参数'true' el.cloneNode();
3.10 empty
移除所有子节点
//jQuery $el.empty(); //Native el.innerHTML = '';
3.11 wrap
把每个被选元素放置在指定的HTML结构中。
//jQuery $(".inner").wrap('<div class="wrapper"></div>'); //Native Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.querySelector('.inner'), (el) => { const wrapper = document.createElement('div'); wrapper.className = 'wrapper'; el.parentNode.insertBefore(wrapper, el); el.parentNode.removeChild(el); wrapper.appendChild(el); });
3.12 unwrap
移除被选元素的父元素的DOM结构
// jQuery $('.inner').unwrap(); // Native Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll('.inner'), (el) => { let elParentNode = el.parentNode if(elParentNode !== document.body) { elParentNode.parentNode.insertBefore(el, elParentNode) elParentNode.parentNode.removeChild(elParentNode) } });
3.13 replaceWith
用指定的元素替换被选的元素
//jQuery $('.inner').replaceWith('<div class="outer"></div>'); //Native Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll('.inner'),(el) => { const outer = document.createElement("div"); outer.className = "outer"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(outer, el); el.parentNode.removeChild(el); });
3.14 simple parse
解析 HTML/SVG/XML 字符串
// jQuery $(`<ol> <li>a</li> <li>b</li> </ol> <ol> <li>c</li> <li>d</li> </ol>`); // Native range = document.createRange(); parse = range.createContextualFragment.bind(range); parse(`<ol> <li>a</li> <li>b</li> </ol> <ol> <li>c</li> <li>d</li> </ol>`);
Fetch API 是用于替换 XMLHttpRequest 处理 ajax 的新标准,Chrome 和 Firefox 均支持,旧浏览器可以使用 polyfills 提供支持。
IE9+ 请使用 github/fetch,IE8+ 请使用 fetch-ie8,JSONP 请使用 fetch-jsonp。
4.1 从服务器读取数据并替换匹配元素的内容。
// jQuery $(selector).load(url, completeCallback) // Native fetch(url).then(data => data.text()).then(data => { document.querySelector(selector).innerHTML = data }).then(completeCallback)
完整地替代命名空间和事件代理,链接到 https://github.com/oneuijs/oui-dom-events
5.0 Document ready by DOMContentLoaded
// jQuery $(document).ready(eventHandler); // Native // 检测 DOMContentLoaded 是否已完成 if (document.readyState !== 'loading') { eventHandler(); } else { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', eventHandler); }
5.1 使用 on 绑定事件
// jQuery $el.on(eventName, eventHandler); // Native el.addEventListener(eventName, eventHandler);
5.2 使用 off 解绑事件
// jQuery $el.off(eventName, eventHandler); // Native el.removeEventListener(eventName, eventHandler);
5.3 Trigger
// jQuery $(el).trigger('custom-event', {key1: 'data'}); // Native if (window.CustomEvent) { const event = new CustomEvent('custom-event', {detail: {key1: 'data'}}); } else { const event = document.createEvent('CustomEvent'); event.initCustomEvent('custom-event', true, true, {key1: 'data'}); } el.dispatchEvent(event);
大部分实用工具都能在 native API 中找到. 其他高级功能可以选用专注于该领域的稳定性和性能都更好的库来代替,推荐 lodash。
6.1 基本工具
检测参数是不是数组。
// jQuery $.isArray(range); // Native Array.isArray(range);
检测参数是不是 window。
// jQuery $.isWindow(obj); // Native function isWindow(obj) { return obj !== null && obj !== undefined && obj === obj.window; }
在数组中搜索指定值并返回索引 (找不到则返回 -1)。
// jQuery $.inArray(item, array); // Native array.indexOf(item) > -1; // ES6-way array.includes(item);
检测传入的参数是不是数字。 Use typeof
to decide the type or the type
example for better accuracy.
// jQuery $.isNumeric(item); // Native function isNumeric(n) { return !isNaN(parseFloat(n)) && isFinite(n); }
检测传入的参数是不是 JavaScript 函数对象。
// jQuery $.isFunction(item); // Native function isFunction(item) { if (typeof item === 'function') { return true; } var type = Object.prototype.toString(item); return type === '[object Function]' || type === '[object GeneratorFunction]'; }
检测对象是否为空 (包括不可枚举属性).
// jQuery $.isEmptyObject(obj); // Native function isEmptyObject(obj) { return Object.keys(obj).length === 0; }
检测是不是扁平对象 (使用 “{}” 或 “new Object” 创建).
// jQuery $.isPlainObject(obj); // Native function isPlainObject(obj) { if (typeof (obj) !== 'object' || obj.nodeType || obj !== null && obj !== undefined && obj === obj.window) { return false; } if (obj.constructor && !Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj.constructor.prototype, 'isPrototypeOf')) { return false; } return true; }
合并多个对象的内容到第一个对象。 object.assign 是 ES6 API,也可以使用 polyfill。
// jQuery $.extend({}, defaultOpts, opts); // Native Object.assign({}, defaultOpts, opts);
移除字符串头尾空白。
// jQuery $.trim(string); // Native string.trim();
将数组或对象转化为包含新内容的数组。
// jQuery $.map(array, (value, index) => { }); // Native array.map((value, index) => { });
轮询函数,可用于平滑的轮询对象和数组。
// jQuery $.each(array, (index, value) => { }); // Native array.forEach((value, index) => { });
找到数组中符合过滤函数的元素。
// jQuery $.grep(array, (value, index) => { }); // Native array.filter((value, index) => { });
检测对象的 JavaScript [Class] 内部类型。
// jQuery $.type(obj); // Native function type(item) { const reTypeOf = /(?:^\[object\s(.*?)\]$)/; return Object.prototype.toString.call(item) .replace(reTypeOf, '$1') .toLowerCase(); }
合并第二个数组内容到第一个数组。
// jQuery $.merge(array1, array2); // Native // 使用 concat,不能去除重复值 function merge(...args) { return [].concat(...args) } // ES6,同样不能去除重复值 array1 = [...array1, ...array2] // 使用 Set,可以去除重复值 function merge(...args) { return Array.from(new Set([].concat(...args))) }
返回当前时间的数字呈现。
// jQuery $.now(); // Native Date.now();
传入函数并返回一个新函数,该函数绑定指定上下文。
// jQuery $.proxy(fn, context); // Native fn.bind(context);
类数组对象转化为真正的 JavaScript 数组。
// jQuery $.makeArray(arrayLike); // Native Array.prototype.slice.call(arrayLike); // ES6-way Array.from(arrayLike);
6.2 包含
检测 DOM 元素是不是其他 DOM 元素的后代.
// jQuery $.contains(el, child); // Native el !== child && el.contains(child);
6.3 Globaleval
全局执行 JavaScript 代码。
// jQuery $.globaleval(code); // Native function Globaleval(code) { const script = document.createElement('script'); script.text = code; document.head.appendChild(script).parentNode.removeChild(script); } // Use eval, but context of eval is current, context of $.Globaleval is global. eval(code);
6.4 解析
解析字符串为 DOM 节点数组.
// jQuery $.parseHTML(htmlString); // Native function parseHTML(string) { const context = document.implementation.createHTMLDocument(); // Set the base href for the created document so any parsed elements with URLs // are based on the document's URL const base = context.createElement('base'); base.href = document.location.href; context.head.appendChild(base); context.body.innerHTML = string; return context.body.children; }
传入格式正确的 JSON 字符串并返回 JavaScript 值.
// jQuery $.parseJSON(str); // Native JSON.parse(str);
Promise 代表异步操作的最终结果。jQuery 用它自己的方式处理 promises,原生 JavaScript 遵循 Promises/A+ 标准实现了最小 API 来处理 promises。
7.1 done, fail, always
done
会在 promise 解决时调用,fail
会在 promise 拒绝时调用,always
总会调用。
// jQuery $promise.done(doneCallback).fail(failCallback).always(alwaysCallback) // Native promise.then(doneCallback, failCallback).then(alwaysCallback, alwaysCallback)
7.2 when
when
用于处理多个 promises。当全部 promises 被解决时返回,当任一 promise 被拒绝时拒绝。
// jQuery $.when($promise1, $promise2).done((promise1Result, promise2Result) => { }); // Native Promise.all([$promise1, $promise2]).then([promise1Result, promise2Result] => {});
7.3 Deferred
Deferred 是创建 promises 的一种方式。
// jQuery function asyncFunc() { const defer = new $.Deferred(); setTimeout(() => { if(true) { defer.resolve('some_value_computed_asynchronously'); } else { defer.reject('failed'); } }, 1000); return defer.promise(); } // Native function asyncFunc() { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { setTimeout(() => { if (true) { resolve('some_value_computed_asynchronously'); } else { reject('failed'); } }, 1000); }); } // Deferred way function defer() { const deferred = {}; const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { deferred.resolve = resolve; deferred.reject = reject; }); deferred.promise = () => { return promise; }; return deferred; } function asyncFunc() { const defer = defer(); setTimeout(() => { if(true) { defer.resolve('some_value_computed_asynchronously'); } else { defer.reject('failed'); } }, 1000); return defer.promise(); }
8.1 Show & Hide
// jQuery $el.show(); $el.hide(); // Native // 更多 show 方法的细节详见 https://github.com/oneuijs/oui-dom-utils/blob/master/src/index.js#L363 el.style.display = ''|'inline'|'inline-block'|'inline-table'|'block'; el.style.display = 'none';
8.2 Toggle
显示或隐藏元素。
// jQuery $el.toggle(); // Native if (el.ownerDocument.defaultView.getComputedStyle(el, null).display === 'none') { el.style.display = ''|'inline'|'inline-block'|'inline-table'|'block'; } else { el.style.display = 'none'; }
8.3 FadeIn & FadeOut
// jQuery $el.fadeIn(3000); $el.fadeOut(3000); // Native el.style.transition = 'opacity 3s'; // fadeIn el.style.opacity = '1'; // fadeOut el.style.opacity = '0';
8.4 FadeTo
调整元素透明度。
// jQuery $el.fadeTo('slow',0.15); // Native el.style.transition = 'opacity 3s'; // 假设 'slow' 等于 3 秒 el.style.opacity = '0.15';
8.5 FadeToggle
动画调整透明度用来显示或隐藏。
// jQuery $el.fadeToggle(); // Native el.style.transition = 'opacity 3s'; const { opacity } = el.ownerDocument.defaultView.getComputedStyle(el, null); if (opacity === '1') { el.style.opacity = '0'; } else { el.style.opacity = '1'; }
8.6 SlideUp & SlideDown
// jQuery $el.slideUp(); $el.slideDown(); // Native const originHeight = '100px'; el.style.transition = 'height 3s'; // slideUp el.style.height = '0px'; // slideDown el.style.height = originHeight;
8.7 SlideToggle
滑动切换显示或隐藏。
// jQuery $el.slideToggle(); // Native const originHeight = '100px'; el.style.transition = 'height 3s'; const { height } = el.ownerDocument.defaultView.getComputedStyle(el, null); if (parseInt(height, 10) === 0) { el.style.height = originHeight; } else { el.style.height = '0px'; }
8.8 Animate
执行一系列 CSS 属性动画。
// jQuery $el.animate({ params }, speed); // Native el.style.transition = 'all ' + speed; Object.keys(params).forEach((key) => el.style[key] = params[key]; )